Based on the results of the first two SCRM phases, management measures for supply chain risks can be developed. Based on the risk strategy, it is decided which supply chain risks trigger an immediate need for action (Denk et al. 2008, p. 127). Risks that are above or close to the defined tolerance range or for which an additional increase is expected in the foreseeable future require appropriate action.
The aim of risk management is to change the company’s risk landscape in such a way that an optimization of the ratio of earnings opportunity to risk of loss (risk/return optimization) is achieved (Rogler 2002, p. 26; Diederichs 2012, p. 126).
Five categories of SCRM control strategies can be delineated in the literature: Avoidance, Mitigation, Limitation, Pass-Through, and Self-Sustainability. The first two (avoidance and mitigation) target cause-related measures and the remaining three (limitation, pass-through, self-sustainability) focus on impact-related measures (Sodhi et al. 2012, p. 52; Gupta et al. 2014, p. 83; Handfield et al. 2008, p. 41; Brünger 2009, p. 163f.; Rogler 2002, p. 25ff.).
The selection of control strategies must be based on the agreed corporate objectives and the risk strategy. In addition, it depends on legal, socially responsible, and environmental requirements, as well as general cost-benefit considerations during implementation (ISO 31000:2009, p. 19).
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